白介素6基因启动子区多态性与体重指数和炎症因子等生化指标的相关性及与冠心病发生发展关系的探索

本研究旨在通过对中国北方地区汉族人IL-6基因启动子区-572G／C，-597G／A多态性与体重指数（BMI）和炎症因子等生化指标的相关性的调查，探索基因多态性与冠心病（CHD）发生发展的关系。采用荧光杂交探针、以荧光共振能量转移原理和熔点曲线分析技术，测定了194例冠心病患者和123例健康对照者的IL-6基因型，同时测定BMI、超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、血脂、载脂蛋白等指标，并通过建立逻辑回归（Logistic regression）模型分析CHD发生的危险因素。结果表明，在所有观察对象中发现中国北方汉族人IL-6基因启动子区-597位点有7例为GA型．其余均为GG型，尚未发现AA型，未发现其多态性与BMI和炎症因子等生化指标的相关性。冠心病（cor—onary heart disease，CHD）组与对照组-572G／C基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异无统计学意义，但是CHD组和对照组携带G等位基因和非G等位基因频率相比差异有统计学意义（P=0，0425）。正常对照组中携带G等位基因者收缩压中位数水平明显高于非G等位基因者（P=0、02）。在所有研究对象中，与非G等位基因组相比，携带G等位基因组的体重指数、超敏C反应蛋白、收缩压中位数水平显著升高（P值分别为0、026、0．022、0、005）。经Logistic逐步回归分析显示，年龄、血清甘油三脂、性别、高血压、载脂蛋白C2、血清总胆固醇、脂蛋白a是冠心病发生的危险因子，而载脂蛋白A1是保护因子（P〈0．05），未见-572G／C的G等位基因是一独立的危险因素。结论：IL-6基因启动子区-597G／A多态性和CHD的易感性无关，而-572G／C多态性与CHD的易感性有关，其机制可能与-572G／C多态性可导致BMI、hsCRP和血压的变化有关。     

Immunopathogenesis and biomarkers of recurrent atrial fibrillation following ablation therapy in patients with preexisting atrial fibrillation

Introduction: Recurrent atrial fibrillation (RAF) following ablation therapy occurs in about 50% of patients. The pathogenesis of RAF is unknown, but is believed to be driven by atrial remodeling in the setting of background inflammation. Structural, electrophysiological and mechanical remodeling has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Inflammation and fibrotic remodeling are the major factors perpetuating AF, as mediators released from the atrial tissues and cardiomyocytes due to mechanical and surgical injury could initiate the inflammatory process. In this article, we have critically reviewed the key mediators that may serve as potential biomarkers to predict RAF.

Areas covered: Damage associated molecular patterns, heat shock proteins, inflammatory cytokines, non-inflammatory markers, markers of inflammatory cell activity, and markers of collagen deposition and metabolism are evaluated as potential biomarkers with molecular treatment options in RAF.

Expert commentary: Establishing biomarkers to predict RAF could be useful in reducing morbidity and mortality. Investigations into the role of DAMPs participating in a sterile immune response may provide greater insight into the pathogenesis of RAF. Markers evaluating immune cell activity, collagen deposition, and levels of heat shock proteins show the greatest promise as potential biomarkers to predict RAF and develop novel therapies.     

热应激复合敌敌畏中毒对小鼠全血乙酰胆碱脂酶和组织抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究热应激复合有机磷敌敌畏（O,O-dimethyl-O-2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate,DDVP）中毒对小鼠全血乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及组织脂质过氧化的影响。方法将54只小鼠随机分为对照组、热应激组和热应激复合DDVP中毒组。实验舱相对湿度控制在（60±5）%,对照组小鼠置于24℃环境下1 h,热应激组小鼠置于38或40℃的热环境下1 h。有机磷中毒组小鼠经腹腔注射给予9或15 mg/kg DDVP,对照组给予等量生理盐水。30 min后,取全血测量乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性,取心、脑和肝组织匀浆,测量其超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量和羟自由基（.OH）抑制能力。实验期间观察小鼠一般情况,记录实验前后小鼠体质量。结果热环境（38或40℃）暴露使小鼠烦躁不安,活动量明显增加,摄水量降低,体质量减轻。与不同环境温度暴露的对照组相比,热应激复合DDVP中毒组小鼠全血AChE活性和心、脑和肝组织SOD活性和羟自由基抑制能力均明显下降（P〈0.05）,而MDA含量明显升高（P〈0.05）。热应激和DDVP中毒对上述指标的影响有交互作用。结论在本实验条件下,热应激和DDVP中毒对小鼠乙酰胆碱酯酶有显著的抑制作用,同时可引起组织脂质过氧化增强,提示氧化应激机制与高热复合DDVP中毒的加重效应有关。     

热打击联合脂多糖刺激对人肠上皮细胞SW480释放细胞因子的影响

目的：观察脂多糖（LPS）与热打击分别单独作用与联合作用对人肠上皮细胞SW480释放细胞因子的影响。方法：于37℃、5％CO2标准培养箱中培养人肠上皮细胞株SW480。实验分4组：空白对照组直接收集细胞上清;LPS单独刺激组（LPS组）分别使用0、0．01、0．1、1和10μg／ml的LPS刺激SW480细胞,24h后收集细胞上清;热打击组将SW480细胞进行热打击（42℃,1h）后在标准孵箱分别培养1h和24h后收集细胞上清;LPS＋热打击组将SW480细胞42℃热打击1h后给予上述浓度的LPS刺激,再重新置于标准孵箱中培养,24h后收集细胞上清。各组细胞上清用LiquiChip液相蛋白芯片系统分别检测粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM—CSF）、7干扰素（IFN-7）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）等10种细胞因子／趋化因子的表达分泌水平。结果：单独LPS刺激时呈剂量依赖性诱导SW480表达分泌IL-8,对其余9种细胞因子／趋化因子的表达分泌水平影响不明显。单纯热打击仅诱导SW480细胞表达分泌IL-8的水平升高,且与空白对照组比较,仅热打击24h后IL-8的水平显著增加（P〈0．01）。热打击联合不同浓度的LPS刺激SW480细胞,LPS浓度低时并不影响SW480表达分泌IL-8的水平（P〉O．05）,而高浓度LPS可以显著减少其表达分泌水平（P〈0．05）。结论：人肠上皮细胞SW480作为脏器实质细胞,对炎性刺激仅能产生单一种类的细胞因子,其中LPS单独刺激和一定强度的热打击均可上调SW480分泌IL-8;但高浓度LPS在热环境下可抑制SW480细胞的IL-8表达分泌水平。     

Tissue oxidative stress induced by patulin and protective effect of crocin

Patulin (PAT) is a secondary toxic metabolite produced principally by Penicillium expansum. This mycotoxin is known to be teratogenic, mutagenic, immunotoxic and neurotoxic, and it has been shown to cause damage in several organs in laboratory animals. This study focuses on the prevention of experimental murine PAT-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. We investigate the ability of a natural product, crocin (CRO), to counteract the toxic effects of PAT. Pre-treatment of mice with CRO prevented PAT-induced oxidative damage in both liver and kidney. CRO reduced lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and restored redox status by regulating the endogenous antioxidant enzymatic system. These data corroborate and extend findings in PAT-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, and further suggest that preventive effect of CRO towards other forms of PAT toxicity, including neurotoxicity, may be warranted.     

Targeting Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Projections from the Oval Nucleus of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Using Cell‐Type Specific Neuronal Tracing Studies in Mouse and Rat Brain

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is known to play a critical role in mediating the behavioural and autonomic responses to stressors. The oval nucleus of the BNST (BNSTov) contains cell bodies that synthesise the stress hormone corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF). Although afferent fibres originating from the BNSTov have been shown to innervate several key structures of the neuroendocrine and central autonomic system, the question remains as to whether some of these fibres are CRF‐positive. To directly address this question, we injected a ‘floxed’ anterograde tracer (rAAV5/EF1a‐DIO‐mCherry) into the BNSTov of CRFp3.0Cre^GFP transgenic mice, which express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the CRF promoter. Serial sections were then analysed for the presence of double‐labelled fibres in potential projection sites. To determine whether CRF neurons in the rat BNSTov send comparable projections, we infused rat BNSTov with an adeno‐associated viral vector (AAV) in which the human synapsin promoter drives enhanced GFP expression. We then used CRF immunoreactivity to examine double‐labelled fluorescent fibres and axon terminals in projection sites from brain sections of the AAV‐infused rats. We have observed several terminal fields in the mouse and rat brain with double‐labelled fibres in the Dorsal raphe nucleus (DRD), the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and, to a lesser extent, in the ventral tegmental area. We found double‐labelled terminal boutons in the nucleus accumbens shell, prelimbic cortex and posterior basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. The most intense double‐labelling was found in midbrain, including substantia nigra pars compacta, red nucleus, periaqueductal grey and pontine nuclei, as well as DRD. The results of the present study indicate that CRF neurons are the output neurons of the BNSTov and they send projections not only to the centres of neuroendocrine and autonomic regulation, but also regions modulating reward and motivation, vigilance and motor function, as well as affective behaviour.     

GnRHa联合重组人生长激素治疗特发性中枢性性早熟女童的临床效果

目的：探讨促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)联合重组人生长激素(rhGH)治疗对特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)女童身高、骨龄发展的影响。方法将来本院就诊的60例ICPP女童作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者分为单用组、联合组,每组各30例。单用组只给予GnRHa进行治疗,联合组在此基础上给予rhGH进行治疗,对比两组患儿的身高、骨龄变化情况。结果单用组、联合组治疗后预测成年身高的增加值分别为(3.93±1.01)、(7.77±1.95)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=5.3643,P=0.0008);单用组、联合组患儿治疗后的HtSDSBA分别与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.1397,P=0.0007;t=9.7936,P=0.0003),联合组治疗后的HtSDSBA的差异值比单用组更明显(t=5.8396,P=0.0007);联合组患儿的生长速度明显快于单用组(t=9.9873,P=0.0002);两组患儿均未发现明显的不良反应。结论 GnRHa联合rhGH能明显改善ICPP女童的成年预测身高和HtSDSBA,对骨龄发展无明显影响,近期用药较安全。     

Ploidy manipulation and induction of alternate cleavage patterns through inhibition of centrosome duplication in the early zebrafish embryo

Results : A heat pulse at a later time point during the first cell cycle (22 mpf, HS2) results in a high (>80%) frequency of embryos exhibiting a precise one‐cell division stall during the second cell cycle, inducing whole genome duplication. Coupled with haploid production, HS2 generates viable gynogenetic diploids with yields up to 4 times higher than those achieved through standard Heat Shock. The cell cycle delay also causes blastomere cleavage pattern variations, supporting a role for cytokinesis in spindle orientation during the following cell cycle. 相似文献